Väliajat 11.6.2026
C-rata 2,0 km, tilanne rasteilla, rastivälien ajat
1. [ 60] 2. [ 61] 3. [ 62] 4. [ 63] 5. [ 64] 6. [ 59] 7. [ 78] Tulos 1. Heikkilä Kari 2-04.14 1-06.43 1-09.33 1-12.45 1-16.40 1-20.04 1-22.18 22.18 2-04.14 1-02.29 3-02.50 2-03.12 2-03.55 2-03.24 2-02.14 2. Toikka Vesa 6-04.56 2-08.26 2-11.05 2-15.25 2-19.36 2-23.49 2-25.55 25.55 6-04.56 2-03.30 1-02.39 5-04.20 3-04.11 4-04.13 1-02.06 3. Turkka Teo 7-05.02 13-13.02 9-15.42 5-18.49 4-22.32 3-25.46 3-28.03 28.03 7-05.02 15-08.00 2-02.40 1-03.07 1-03.43 1-03.14 3-02.17 4. Reino Hemmilä 5-04.49 4-09.55 3-12.59 3-17.08 3-22.05 4-25.50 4-28.30 28.30 5-04.49 8-05.06 4-03.04 4-04.09 4-04.57 3-03.45 5-02.40 5. Mikko Inkeröinen 16-07.15 6-11.18 6-14.44 4-18.40 5-24.27 5-29.50 5-33.51 33.51 16-07.15 3-04.03 6-03.26 3-03.56 6-05.47 10-05.23 14-04.01 6. Tompuri Jyri 9-05.13 5-11.10 5-14.33 8-20.35 7-26.48 6-32.08 6-35.29 35.29 9-05.13 10-05.57 5-03.23 11-06.02 8-06.13 9-05.20 8-03.21 7. Sinikka Tompuri 11-05.28 7-11.26 12-16.09 9-20.52 8-27.17 7-32.22 7-35.54 35.54 11-05.28 11-05.58 14-04.43 7-04.43 10-06.25 8-05.05 9-03.32 8. Seitsonen Kauko 13-06.06 9-11.38 7-15.29 7-20.11 6-25.45 9-33.49 8-36.50 36.50 13-06.06 9-05.32 10-03.51 6-04.42 5-05.34 17-08.04 6-03.01 9. Mattila Eero 19-07.40 12-12.29 13-16.57 10-22.11 9-28.26 8-33.15 9-37.06 37.06 19-07.40 6-04.49 12-04.28 8-05.14 9-06.15 5-04.49 13-03.51 10. Vesa Kujala 15-06.45 8-11.29 10-16.00 13-23.19 10-29.45 10-34.47 10-38.36 38.36 15-06.45 5-04.44 13-04.31 17-07.19 11-06.26 6-05.02 12-03.49 11. Karnaattu Mauri 18-07.26 10-11.56 11-16.05 11-22.50 11-29.51 11-34.53 11-38.37 38.37 18-07.26 4-04.30 11-04.09 13-06.45 12-07.01 6-05.02 10-03.44 12. Järnefelt Kaisa 3-04.32 3-09.33 4-13.15 6-19.58 12-30.36 12-36.34 12-39.10 39.10 3-04.32 7-05.01 9-03.42 12-06.43 21-10.38 11-05.58 4-02.36 13. Rajaniemi Heli 3-04.32 11-12.06 8-15.37 12-22.51 13-32.56 13-40.44 13-46.07 46.07 3-04.32 14-07.34 7-03.31 16-07.14 19-10.05 15-07.48 17-05.23 14. Heidi Nissilä 8-05.12 15-16.45 15-22.17 14-27.53 15-37.42 16-45.03 14-48.07 48.07 8-05.12 17-11.33 15-05.32 9-05.36 17-09.49 14-07.21 7-03.04 15. Forsström Niina 22-13.59 17-20.07 16-26.31 16-32.18 16-38.27 14-44.37 15-48.23 48.23 22-13.59 12-06.08 16-06.24 10-05.47 7-06.09 12-06.10 11-03.46 16. Koskelainen Alma ja Sonja 17-07.19 14-14.30 14-21.02 15-28.59 14-37.39 14-44.37 16-49.23 49.23 17-07.19 13-07.11 17-06.32 18-07.57 13-08.40 13-06.58 15-04.46 17. Vaahtersalo Aava ja Raisa 20-08.52 16-18.17 17-26.37 17-38.11 17-48.25 17-57.02 17-1.02.41 1.02.41 20-08.52 16-09.25 18-08.20 22-11.34 20-10.14 21-08.37 18-05.39 18. Emmi Kukko 9-05.13 21-32.06 18-35.46 18-42.53 18-52.52 18-1.00.43 18-1.06.05 1.06.05 9-05.13 21-26.53 8-03.40 15-07.07 18-09.59 16-07.51 16-05.22 19. Ukkola Lauri ja Marko 21-12.32 20-27.26 19-36.56 19-46.22 19-59.18 21-1.09.32 19-1.16.28 1.16.28 21-12.32 18-14.54 19-09.30 21-09.26 22-12.56 22-10.14 19-06.56 20. Anette Mäkelä 12-06.04 18-24.12 20-43.28 20-51.38 20-1.00.52 19-1.09.11 20-1.16.51 1.16.51 12-06.04 19-18.08 22-19.16 19-08.10 14-09.14 20-08.19 22-07.40 21. Salstola Tanja 14-06.17 19-24.30 21-43.37 21-51.51 21-1.01.13 20-1.09.30 21-1.17.01 1.17.01 14-06.17 20-18.13 21-19.07 20-08.14 16-09.22 19-08.17 20-07.31 22. Laine Maija 1-04.11 22-35.16 22-49.52 22-56.39 22-1.05.59 22-1.14.15 22-1.21.47 1.21.47 1-04.11 22-31.05 20-14.36 14-06.47 15-09.20 18-08.16 21-07.32 - Peltola Heli ja Reijo - - - - - - - Ei aikaa - - - - - - -B-rata 3,7 km, tilanne rasteilla, rastivälien ajat
1. [ 60] 2. [ 67] 3. [ 63] 4. [ 69] 5. [ 70] 6. [ 71] 7. [ 72] 8. [ 73] 9. [ 78] Tulos 1. Hienonen Jarmo 7-03.50 5-07.45 3-11.20 5-16.14 3-21.34 2-26.23 1-30.04 1-32.07 1-36.32 36.32 7-03.50 6-03.55 4-03.35 14-04.54 2-05.20 1-04.49 1-03.41 5-02.03 2-04.25 2. Horppu Matti 9-04.04 3-07.23 4-11.32 1-14.51 1-20.14 1-25.27 2-31.15 2-33.01 2-37.05 37.05 9-04.04 2-03.19 5-04.09 1-03.19 3-05.23 2-05.13 15-05.48 1-01.46 1-04.04 3. Hintsanen Harri 13-04.13 6-07.53 5-12.09 4-16.09 4-22.15 3-27.40 3-32.18 3-34.36 3-40.25 40.25 13-04.13 5-03.40 6-04.16 3-04.00 7-06.06 3-05.25 8-04.38 8-02.18 14-05.49 4. Hämäläinen Sami 17-04.29 4-07.25 2-10.50 3-15.15 6-23.13 5-30.17 4-34.09 4-36.09 4-40.47 40.47 17-04.29 1-02.56 1-03.25 10-04.25 18-07.58 9-07.04 4-03.52 2-02.00 3-04.38 5. Harjula Terhi 18-04.38 12-08.57 13-14.15 12-18.29 11-24.55 6-30.32 5-35.15 5-37.16 5-42.56 42.56 18-04.38 10-04.19 17-05.18 7-04.14 8-06.26 4-05.37 9-04.43 3-02.01 13-05.40 6. Tuononen Ismo 23-05.05 14-09.05 8-13.31 9-17.46 8-24.22 7-31.01 6-35.56 6-38.07 6-43.33 43.33 23-05.05 7-04.00 8-04.26 8-04.15 10-06.36 6-06.39 11-04.55 7-02.11 11-05.26 7. Portman Otso 2-03.06 1-06.29 1-09.56 2-15.02 1-20.14 8-31.15 7-36.06 7-38.34 7-43.54 43.54 2-03.06 3-03.23 2-03.27 18-05.06 1-05.12 21-11.01 10-04.51 12-02.28 7-05.20 8. Honkaselkä Raine 12-04.12 12-08.57 9-13.32 8-17.45 9-24.45 9-33.36 9-38.12 8-40.21 8-45.42 45.42 12-04.12 14-04.45 10-04.35 6-04.13 14-07.00 16-08.51 7-04.36 6-02.09 8-05.21 9. Karjalainen Oliver 4-03.11 18-09.38 11-13.56 15-19.22 12-25.10 10-34.24 8-38.05 9-40.44 9-46.09 46.09 4-03.11 27-06.27 7-04.18 21-05.26 6-05.48 17-09.14 1-03.41 15-02.39 10-05.25 10. Kailio Johannes 21-04.50 16-09.23 12-14.08 11-18.27 7-24.09 11-35.14 10-39.47 10-42.29 10-47.52 47.52 21-04.50 12-04.33 12-04.45 9-04.19 5-05.42 22-11.05 6-04.33 17-02.42 9-05.23 11. Nahkuri Jari 5-03.45 7-07.56 7-13.00 10-18.00 10-24.54 15-36.34 11-40.29 11-42.56 11-49.25 49.25 5-03.45 9-04.11 15-05.04 17-05.00 13-06.54 27-11.40 5-03.55 11-02.27 16-06.29 12. Ojala Anna 37-08.08 26-12.16 22-17.05 19-21.47 16-28.34 13-36.14 15-43.07 13-45.40 12-51.09 51.09 37-08.08 8-04.08 13-04.49 12-04.42 11-06.47 11-07.40 26-06.53 14-02.33 12-05.29 13. Pylvänen Jarno 1-02.58 1-06.29 21-16.42 16-20.03 22-33.00 20-39.51 16-43.41 14-45.42 13-51.33 51.33 1-02.58 4-03.31 34-10.13 2-03.21 35-12.57 7-06.51 3-03.50 3-02.01 15-05.51 14. Rauno Huikari 22-05.01 19-10.04 20-16.28 18-21.27 17-28.58 12-35.58 12-41.02 12-45.23 14-51.56 51.56 22-05.01 19-05.03 22-06.24 16-04.59 15-07.31 8-07.00 12-05.04 31-04.21 18-06.33 15. Sopanen Samuli 6-03.49 10-08.54 10-13.37 7-17.42 13-25.14 18-38.33 19-45.21 18-48.02 15-53.01 53.01 6-03.49 20-05.05 11-04.43 4-04.05 16-07.32 30-13.19 25-06.48 16-02.41 4-04.59 16. Ismo Kujala 16-04.25 15-09.14 17-15.08 21-23.18 19-30.11 17-38.05 17-43.43 16-46.34 16-53.06 53.06 16-04.25 15-04.49 20-05.54 28-08.10 12-06.53 13-07.54 14-05.38 19-02.51 17-06.32 17. Jasper Tynys ja Atte Mukkula 8-03.54 11-08.56 18-15.17 20-22.29 20-30.35 19-39.01 18-45.16 17-48.00 17-53.16 53.16 8-03.54 18-05.02 21-06.21 26-07.12 19-08.06 15-08.26 19-06.15 18-02.44 6-05.16 18. Jake Ihanlainen 24-05.06 17-09.36 15-14.29 14-19.11 15-26.52 14-36.32 13-42.50 15-46.06 18-53.46 53.46 24-05.06 11-04.30 14-04.53 12-04.42 17-07.41 18-09.40 20-06.18 23-03.16 23-07.40 19. Jonne Holme 25-05.17 23-11.24 16-14.55 13-19.02 14-25.30 16-36.45 14-42.58 20-48.51 19-55.30 55.30 25-05.17 25-06.07 3-03.31 5-04.07 9-06.28 24-11.15 18-06.13 36-05.53 19-06.39 20. Widmer Timo 3-03.10 8-08.03 6-12.36 6-17.09 5-22.42 4-29.17 22-48.09 22-50.29 20-55.43 55.43 3-03.10 17-04.53 9-04.33 11-04.33 4-05.33 5-06.35 38-18.52 9-02.20 5-05.14 21. Töyrylä Hannu 27-05.27 20-10.16 19-15.32 17-20.28 18-29.01 22-40.17 20-45.30 19-48.41 21-56.02 56.02 27-05.27 15-04.49 16-05.16 15-04.56 22-08.33 25-11.16 13-05.13 21-03.11 20-07.21 22. Kahri Rauno 15-04.17 21-10.49 25-18.39 22-24.02 21-32.16 21-40.08 21-46.52 21-50.07 22-58.18 58.18 15-04.17 28-06.32 26-07.50 20-05.23 20-08.14 12-07.52 23-06.44 22-03.15 27-08.11 23. Kekki Mikko 29-06.07 24-11.37 23-18.06 24-25.52 24-36.00 23-44.16 23-50.27 23-53.23 23-1.01.32 1.01.32 29-06.07 22-05.30 23-06.29 27-07.46 29-10.08 14-08.16 17-06.11 20-02.56 26-08.09 24. Portman Taina 14-04.16 30-14.39 30-21.48 28-28.42 27-37.08 24-44.26 24-51.50 24-54.22 24-1.02.13 1.02.13 14-04.16 31-10.23 24-07.09 24-06.54 21-08.26 10-07.18 30-07.24 13-02.32 24-07.51 25. Linden Sari 19-04.45 22-11.17 24-18.27 23-25.24 23-35.47 25-45.30 25-52.25 25-55.49 25-1.05.49 1.05.49 19-04.45 28-06.32 25-07.10 25-06.57 31-10.23 19-09.43 27-06.55 24-03.24 33-10.00 26. Espo Matti 20-04.47 32-16.14 31-21.56 25-27.12 28-38.45 28-51.17 26-57.25 26-1.00.59 26-1.09.28 1.09.28 20-04.47 32-11.27 18-05.42 19-05.16 33-11.33 29-12.32 16-06.08 28-03.34 29-08.29 27. Hakala Pekka 35-07.00 29-13.12 29-21.45 30-30.20 29-39.42 27-50.53 27-58.02 27-1.01.34 27-1.10.23 1.10.23 35-07.00 26-06.12 30-08.33 29-08.35 28-09.22 23-11.11 29-07.09 26-03.32 30-08.49 28. Lilja Henna 34-06.57 27-12.52 28-21.06 27-27.49 26-36.53 26-50.52 30-59.09 30-1.02.45 28-1.10.44 1.10.44 34-06.57 23-05.55 29-08.14 23-06.43 24-09.04 31-13.59 33-08.17 29-03.36 25-07.59 28. Lilja Päivi 33-06.52 28-12.53 27-21.03 26-27.36 25-36.36 29-52.16 28-59.03 28-1.02.30 28-1.10.44 1.10.44 33-06.52 24-06.01 28-08.10 22-06.33 23-09.00 33-15.40 24-06.47 25-03.27 28-08.14 30. Korpi Marko 31-06.32 25-11.52 26-19.50 29-29.06 30-41.14 30-52.42 29-59.07 29-1.02.40 30-1.13.29 1.13.29 31-06.32 21-05.20 27-07.58 32-09.16 34-12.08 26-11.28 21-06.25 27-03.33 34-10.49 31. Gren Juha 36-07.47 31-14.43 32-26.04 31-35.11 31-46.13 31-58.07 31-1.06.25 31-1.10.52 31-1.23.54 1.23.54 36-07.47 30-06.56 36-11.21 31-09.07 32-11.02 28-11.54 34-08.18 32-04.27 35-13.02 32. Teitto Sanni 10-04.08 9-08.44 14-14.26 34-44.06 34-54.17 32-1.04.59 32-1.14.44 32-1.17.10 32-1.24.36 1.24.36 10-04.08 13-04.36 18-05.42 38-29.40 30-10.11 20-10.42 35-09.45 10-02.26 21-07.26 33. Anna Suurpää 28-05.31 35-21.02 33-30.04 33-39.33 33-48.45 33-1.14.32 33-1.22.11 34-1.27.38 33-1.36.50 1.36.50 28-05.31 35-15.31 32-09.02 34-09.29 26-09.12 36-25.47 31-07.39 35-05.27 31-09.12 34. Hanna Ottelin 26-05.23 36-21.05 34-30.05 32-39.25 32-48.36 34-1.14.33 34-1.22.31 33-1.27.25 34-1.36.51 1.36.51 26-05.23 36-15.42 31-09.00 33-09.20 25-09.11 37-25.57 32-07.58 33-04.54 32-09.26 35. Altti Sormunen 11-04.09 37-38.45 37-49.55 37-1.02.56 38-1.23.54 37-1.38.33 37-1.45.02 37-1.49.08 35-1.56.36 1.56.36 11-04.09 37-34.36 35-11.10 37-13.01 38-20.58 32-14.39 22-06.29 30-04.06 22-07.28 36. Tiina Palmroos 30-06.29 33-18.08 35-33.50 35-46.17 35-1.02.27 36-1.22.53 35-1.36.34 35-1.44.07 36-1.57.30 1.57.30 30-06.29 34-11.39 37-15.42 36-12.27 36-16.10 35-20.26 36-13.41 37-07.33 37-13.23 37. Sari Syrjälä 32-06.42 34-18.14 36-34.04 36-46.21 36-1.02.41 35-1.22.20 36-1.36.38 36-1.44.23 37-1.57.37 1.57.37 32-06.42 33-11.32 38-15.50 35-12.17 37-16.20 34-19.39 37-14.18 38-07.45 36-13.14 38. Hilla ja Suvi Toivanen 38-10.14 38-56.10 38-1.05.30 38-1.14.13 37-1.23.32 38-1.52.31 38-1.59.30 38-2.04.39 38-2.18.55 2.18.55 38-10.14 38-45.56 33-09.20 30-08.43 27-09.19 38-28.59 28-06.59 34-05.09 38-14.16 Hyl Tommi Ratia - - - - - - - - - Hylätty - - - - - - - - - Hyl Karjalainen Asko - - - - - - - - - Hylätty - - - - - - - - - - Rantala Teuvo - - - - - - - - - Keskeytti - - - - - - - - -A-rata 5,2 km, tilanne rasteilla, rastivälien ajat
1. [ 67] 2. [ 63] 3. [ 74] 4. [ 69] 5. [ 72] 6. [ 71] 7. [ 70] 8. [ 35] 9. [ 73] 10. [ 76] 11. [ 78] Tulos 1. Mattila Pyry 1-05.00 1-07.41 2-09.39 2-12.03 1-18.08 1-20.50 1-24.47 1-28.09 2-33.14 1-36.50 1-38.32 38.32 1-05.00 1-02.41 2-01.58 2-02.24 1-06.05 3-02.42 2-03.57 5-03.22 2-05.05 1-03.36 2-01.42 2. Tobler Simon 2-05.02 2-07.48 1-09.20 1-12.02 2-18.51 2-21.55 2-24.50 2-28.11 1-32.31 2-38.50 2-40.44 40.44 2-05.02 2-02.46 1-01.32 5-02.42 2-06.49 4-03.04 1-02.55 4-03.21 1-04.20 14-06.19 6-01.54 3. Ojala Aaro 4-05.13 3-08.34 3-10.33 4-13.11 3-20.19 3-22.54 3-27.39 3-31.17 3-37.25 3-41.10 3-42.44 42.44 4-05.13 4-03.21 3-01.59 4-02.38 3-07.08 2-02.35 4-04.45 7-03.38 6-06.08 2-03.45 1-01.34 4. stöcher jacopo 5-05.29 5-08.42 5-10.54 5-13.27 5-20.35 4-23.09 4-28.05 4-31.49 4-37.40 4-41.35 4-43.31 43.31 5-05.29 3-03.13 6-02.12 3-02.33 3-07.08 1-02.34 6-04.56 8-03.44 4-05.51 4-03.55 8-01.56 5. Kelkka Kalle 3-05.07 4-08.36 4-10.41 3-13.02 4-20.30 5-25.20 5-29.36 5-32.23 5-37.59 5-42.25 5-44.54 44.54 3-05.07 5-03.29 5-02.05 1-02.21 6-07.28 13-04.50 3-04.16 2-02.47 3-05.36 5-04.26 15-02.29 6. Sarilampi Pasi 6-06.19 6-09.58 6-12.13 6-15.12 6-22.57 6-26.14 6-31.00 6-33.45 6-39.52 6-43.41 6-45.32 45.32 6-06.19 6-03.39 7-02.15 7-02.59 9-07.45 6-03.17 5-04.46 1-02.45 5-06.07 3-03.49 4-01.51 7. Partanen Roope 7-06.43 7-10.53 7-13.42 7-16.47 7-24.30 7-29.30 7-35.05 7-39.46 7-46.48 7-52.39 7-54.49 54.49 7-06.43 8-04.10 9-02.49 8-03.05 8-07.43 14-05.00 7-05.35 12-04.41 9-07.02 11-05.51 10-02.10 8. Luoma-aho Matti 10-07.49 16-15.30 13-17.30 12-20.21 8-27.54 8-31.28 8-37.47 8-40.48 8-48.49 8-53.24 8-55.19 55.19 10-07.49 17-07.41 4-02.00 6-02.51 7-07.33 8-03.34 13-06.19 3-03.01 11-08.01 7-04.35 7-01.55 9. Mauno Harri 8-07.00 10-12.50 10-15.57 9-19.15 11-29.17 12-33.12 11-39.04 10-42.38 9-49.07 9-53.40 9-55.53 55.53 8-07.00 14-05.50 12-03.07 9-03.18 12-10.02 9-03.55 8-05.52 6-03.34 7-06.29 6-04.33 12-02.13 10. Vornanen Mira 9-07.42 9-12.24 8-15.14 8-19.04 12-29.59 11-33.11 12-39.22 12-44.04 10-50.56 10-55.53 10-57.45 57.45 9-07.42 10-04.42 10-02.50 13-03.50 14-10.55 5-03.12 12-06.11 13-04.42 8-06.52 10-04.57 5-01.52 11. Pylkkö Janne 14-08.43 13-13.55 12-17.10 14-21.29 10-28.52 9-32.10 9-38.14 9-42.24 11-51.13 11-56.02 11-57.52 57.52 14-08.43 12-05.12 13-03.15 14-04.19 5-07.23 7-03.18 9-06.04 11-04.10 12-08.49 9-04.49 3-01.50 12. Laasanen Juha 12-08.03 11-13.12 9-15.54 10-19.31 13-30.06 13-34.14 13-40.20 13-44.08 12-51.50 12-56.25 12-58.38 58.38 12-08.03 11-05.09 8-02.42 11-03.37 13-10.35 11-04.08 10-06.06 9-03.48 10-07.42 7-04.35 12-02.13 13. Jaakko Timo 11-08.00 8-12.03 11-16.02 11-19.40 9-28.24 10-32.24 10-38.31 11-44.03 13-53.06 13-58.59 13-1.01.10 1.01.10 11-08.00 7-04.03 14-03.59 12-03.38 10-08.44 10-04.00 11-06.07 15-05.32 13-09.03 12-05.53 11-02.11 14. Suutari Markus 13-08.32 14-14.46 14-17.48 15-22.21 14-31.42 14-37.30 14-46.04 14-51.17 15-1.02.25 15-1.08.39 14-1.10.48 1.10.48 13-08.32 15-06.14 11-03.02 15-04.33 11-09.21 15-05.48 16-08.34 14-05.13 15-11.08 13-06.14 9-02.09 15. Carsten Ripke 15-09.25 12-13.49 14-17.48 13-21.24 15-32.44 15-42.12 15-48.31 15-52.20 14-1.01.44 14-1.08.13 15-1.10.50 1.10.50 15-09.25 9-04.24 14-03.59 10-03.36 15-11.20 17-09.28 13-06.19 10-03.49 14-09.24 15-06.29 16-02.37 16. Nevalainen Esko 17-10.34 17-16.50 16-21.16 16-26.07 16-37.46 16-43.37 16-51.41 16-57.59 16-1.11.38 16-1.19.02 16-1.21.30 1.21.30 17-10.34 16-06.16 16-04.26 16-04.51 16-11.39 16-05.51 15-08.04 16-06.18 16-13.39 16-07.24 14-02.28 17. Kalenius Jani 16-09.46 15-15.25 17-26.31 17-33.08 17-48.09 17-52.55 17-1.04.29 17-1.12.45 17-1.28.08 17-1.35.54 17-1.39.36 1.39.36 16-09.46 13-05.39 17-11.06 17-06.37 17-15.01 12-04.46 17-11.34 17-08.16 17-15.23 17-07.46 17-03.42 - Venäläinen Seppo - - - - - - - - - - - Ei aikaa - - - - - - - - - - - - Nurmi Niilo - - - - - - - - - - - Keskeytti - - - - - - - - - - - - Vistala Juuso x2 - - - - - - - - - - - Keskeytti - - - - - - - - - - - - Suutari Tero - - - - - - - - - - - Ei aikaa - - - - - - - - - - -